Tomato (ટામેટા)
Tomato is an important vegetable crop for farmers in Gujarat which is usually grown in three seasons in monsoon, winter and summer. Tomato ripening is characterized by hot and humid weather. The better the average temperature of 21 થી C to 23 C, the better the crop. The monsoon crop of tomatoes cannot be grown successfully in areas with high rainfall.
Varieties
Gujarat Tomatoes - 1: This variety of tomato is an uncontrolled growing variety. The fruit is of medium height, with four beaks, an attractive red color. The leaves are resistant to diseases like cockroaches and scab. Yields an average of 27 tons per hectare.
Gujarat Tomatoes - 2: This is a controlled growing variety of tomatoes. The fruits are medium sized, elliptical attractive dark red in color. Resistant to diseases like leaf blight and succulent and leafy borer and fruit borer caterpillars. The average production is 34 tons per hectare.
Pusa Ruby: This species produces more vegetation. The fruits are medium in size, pinched at the ends, rounded and uniformly red when ripe. Varieties like Tomato Pusa Early Dwarf, Marutham, Pusa-120 are also promising. Apart from this, hybrid varieties like Avinash-2, Pusa Hybrid-2, Rashmi, Vaishali and Rupali have been recommended for Gujarat at the national level.
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Land
Fertile soil should be selected for tomato cultivation. Generally well watered turmeric, lotus, medium lotus or alluvial soil.
Dharucher
Tomatoes are usually grown in three seasons, monsoon, winter and summer. Tomatoes are first planted and transplanted. For which Dharuwadi should be prepared one month before the return time. Selection of well-drained fertile, fertile soil for Dharuwadi. Dharuwadia is 3 to 4 m long, 1 m wide and 15 cm wide. When making a height cushion. When 10 cm above the cushion. Open a shallow furrow at a distance and sow light seeds in the furrow and cover with fine soil. Apply carbendazim (3 g / kg seed) on the seeds before watering. When watering, cover with coconut or date leaves or a strip of paddy until the seeds germinate. Regular watering in Dharuwadi. Water can be well regulated in Dharuwadi by making a cushion.
Changed
The change distance depends on the fertility of the soil, the characteristics of the variety selected and the season of planting. Spread varieties and fertile soils and keep more distance in favorable weather while Batki varieties should be planted at short distances. Replacing the spread of tomato varieties is usually 90 X 75 cm. Replacement of Batki varieties at a distance of 75 X 60 cm. Are performed at a distance of no.
Compost
When preparing the soil for replacement, add well drained manure to 20 ha and mix well. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potash are applied as basic fertilizers at the time of planting. To give per hectare. While 37.5 kg as supplementary fertilizer. Nitrogen application 45 days after planting.
Irrigation
Irrigation of tomato crop depends on soil type, season and crop condition. Irrigation should usually be given in 8 to 10 days. Flowers and small fruits are lost if there is a shortage of water in the standing crop. In the same way giving more water also has a sweet effect on the crop. Therefore regular proportional irrigation should be given. Tomato crops usually require 7 to 8 irrigations during their lifetime.
In tomato hybrid silver, it is recommended to apply cane cane 20 t / ha or black plastic mulching (50 નm 80% coating) with drip irrigation system. The drip method yields 40% more and the green grass crop alone yields 28% more. 120 cm with a capacity of 4 liters / hour for drip system. Arrange dripper at one hour in November-January and one hour in February-March.
37.5 kg of tomato crop. Nitrogen, 17.7 kg. Phosphorus and 31 kg. These fertilizers which can dissolve potash in water, drops should be given by irrigation method in 6 equal installments over a period of five days 21 days after planting.
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Weed control
Tomato crop needs to be intercropped three to four times as required as well as by hand weeding. In cases of labor shortage, pendimethalin or fluchloralin 1 kg 2 to 3 days after transplantation. The active ingredient can be mixed in 500 liters of water and sprayed on one hectare of land and then weeded once in 45 days for effective weed control.
To support plants
Trailing is essential to get more and better quality fruits in tomato crop. In this method, wooden poles are erected at a distance of 3 to 4 meters in each tomato fence and galvanized wire is tied to each fence with each pole and each branch of the plant is tied with a plastic cord, twine or cloth strip and a long wire is attached to the top of the plant. In this method the plant gets enough light and the fruit does not touch the soil. So that spoilage stops and it is convenient to weave the prepared fruit. This method increases the cost of farming but the yield is higher and of better quality.
Harvest
About two and a half months after transplanting the tomato crop, the fruit is ready to be harvested. For distant markets, the tomato fruit is a brightly colored but fully grown stem. Unleash the full grown pink fruit for the local market. After harvesting, different classes of healthy fruits according to their size are sent to the market and good prices are obtained. The average yield of tomato is 35 to 40 tons per hectare.
Pests
Taddadiya: Cubs and adult insects stay on the underside of the leaf and suck the juice. Dimethoate or Methyl-O-Dimethone 10 ml for control of this pest Mix the drug in 10 liters of water and spray.
Mollo: Sucks the juice on the leaves as well as on the twigs. Dimethoate or Methyl-O-Dimethone 10 ml is also recommended for pest control. Mix the drug in 10 liters of water and spray.
Green caterpillar: Eating raw green fruit is harmful. Endosulfan or quinalphos 20 ml for control. Drug as well as cypermethrin or alphamethrin 4 to 5 ml. Mix any one of the drugs in 10 liters of water and spray.
Disease
Sukaro: The first lower leaves of the affected plant turn yellow and then the upper leaves eventually dry out. Sowing Carbendazim (3 gm / 1 kg seed) to the seeds for control of Sukara Pouring Carbendazim (10 gm / 10 liters of water) solution in the soil around the plant.
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Kokdva: The leaves turn small light green in color and become kokdai. Plants remain dwarfed as the distance between the trunk nodes decreases. If diseased plants are seen at the onset of the disease, they should be removed and destroyed immediately. Spraying absorbent type of pesticide for pest control rather than spreading the disease.