Banana Crop ( કેળનો પાક )
In Gujarat, banana crop is grown in about 32 thousand hectares. Which is spread over a total of eleven districts of the state. Gujarat's banana productivity is about 21 tons / hectare.
Land and climate information
The banana crop thrives in hot and humid climates. For excellent growth of the crop an average of 240 s. The temperature comes down. Annual 2000 to 20000 mm. This crop thrives if there is irrigation facility in the rainfed area.
For bananas, well drained, fertile, loamy and medium loamy soils are especially suitable. Banana crop does not grow well in dark clay and sandy soils.
Read in Gujarati(ગુજરાતીમાં વાંચો)
Information on endemic species
Basrai, Lokhandi, Robusta, Shrimanti etc. varieties are especially prevalent in Gujarat. Currently the area under Grand-3 variety is increasing.
Information of sowing time and method
Before planting bananas, plow the land in May, rake it, run the ramp, level the land. Then at the distance of planting i.e. at a distance of 1.2 × 1.5 m (ha. 206 nodes) 30 × 30 × 30 cm. To pit no. Let the pit heat for 15 days. Then fill the pit by mixing 10 kg of well-drained manure per pit. As per the recommendation made from Fruit Research Center, Ganadevi, bananas are grown at 1.0 × 1.220 m. By planting in twin rows, production can be increased by keeping more plants per hectare (320 plants).
Yellow selection and grooming for planting:
To select healthy yellow from a disease free banana orchard. Care should be taken not to injure the knot while digging the yellow. According to the research based recommendation of Navsari Krishi University, Navsari for planting bananas, to use fresh yellow weighing 500 to 1500 grams, if fresh yellow is not available, resting yellow can be used for a maximum of 10 days. The use of more relaxed yellows has a detrimental effect on the growth, development and production of bananas. However, sometimes when a tumor is brought from Maharashtra, arrange such a tumor in the shade and keep sprinkling water on it so that the tumor will grow. Before planting, treat the banana peels with fungicide. For this, dissolve 10 gms of Oreophangin or 200 gms of Captafol or 100 gms of Corbondazim in 100 liters of water and soak the banana peels for one and half hours. If you want to plant tissue culture plants, you need to register the required plants in advance and do good healthy hardening of 20 to 20 cm. Planting disease-free plants of height. To choose a passionate sword yellow with sharp leaves for banana planting.
Planting distance:
Based on the research done at Navsari Krishi University, Navsari, Center, it is recommended to plant bananas at a distance of 1.5 × 1.5 m (206 plants / ha). At present, based on the results of research done to grow more seedlings in the unit area at Ganadevi Kendra and get more production, the average number of plants per hectare is 3 tons / ha by planting triangular at 1.0 ૦ 1.220 m twins. Banana production is found. Overall the size of the fruit and the weight of the loom appear to be decreasing. Many farmer friends now plant bananas using the twinning method. This method reduces the cost of cultivation due to weed control due to plant density. As well as the number of laterals in the drip system can be reduced. Intercropping can be done well in the early stages between two pairs.
Planting time:
The best time to plant bananas is from 15th June to 15th August. However, now that tissue culture yellow is available, planting time can be kept as per the market price.
Fertilizer management information
By Khamana method:
Banana crop needs special and timely fertilizers. While preparing the pit, it is recommended to give 200 gm nitrogen, 40 gm phosphorus and 200 gm potash per plant in installments as per the table below. To give 400 gm nitrogen, 40 gm phosphorus and 200 gm potash for Grand Nain variety of banana.
Read in Gujarati(ગુજરાતીમાં વાંચો)
In banana variety Grand Nain with more net profit to get higher cost-to-income ratio, 10 kg manure, 200 gm nitrogen, 35 gm phosphorus and 200 gm potash with 3 kg / ha. PSM and 3 kg / ha. It is recommended to give Azetobacter. Apply base fertilizer before planting. Apply organic manure in two equal parts in the first and second month after planting. While giving full amount of phosphorus in the third month after planting and nitrogen and potash in three equal installments in 3rd, 4th and 5th month.
The above fertilizers or its equivalent other fertilizers like castor oil, DAP, sulphate of potash etc. can be given. In addition, spraying 2% urea (200 g urea in 10 liters of water) after looming increases the size and weight of the fruit. Fertilizer application should be made around the plant and then covered with soil and irrigated.
By drip method:
Adequate fertilizer per plant (180: 40: 120) as given below (40% Nitrogen and Potash saving)
Irrigation management information
The banana crop has a special need for irrigation. Regular watering for 10 to 12 days in winter and 3 to 4 days in summer. Make sure that the banana crop does not get waterlogged at any stage. Irrigation period can be varied according to the soil type.
According to the research based recommendation made at Navsari Krishi University, Navsari, if banana is planted at a distance of 1.55 1.5 meters by irrigating with drip irrigation system with the cover of rad, then at the distance of 1.6 × 1.6 meters from the surface system, 30% more water than bananas planted. With savings, 90% nitrogen can be saved. In addition, 20 per cent more production is obtained and one per cent extra income is earned. For drip irrigation, two drippers per plant with a capacity of 4 liters per hour are applied at a distance of 20 cm from the trunk of a banana. Arranged from both sides at a distance of 1.5 to 2 hours in winter and 2.5 to 2.5 hours in summer alternately during the day.
Information on farming activities
Intercropping and soil leveling:
Waterlogging or poor drainage is not conducive to banana crop so it is especially important to keep the soil constantly moist and loose. It is especially important to water every three to four times. In addition 15-20 cm. Laying the soil in the trunk up to the height. Often the soil is raised in a row and water is provided between the two rows. So that the trunk supports the trunk and it is convenient to water. Soil should be raised after monsoon.
Read in Gujarati(ગુજરાતીમાં વાંચો)
Weeding:
It is especially important to keep the banana crop weed free. Weeds can be removed by intercropping and by hand. Weed control can also be controlled with herbicides. For which after three to four days of planting banana seedlings, Duron 1 kg. Dissolve in 200 liters of water and spray the plants per hectare which will destroy the growing weeds. On 45 days after planting bananas, spray Gramoxone in 400 liters of water at the rate of 4.5 liters per hectare. Weeding will be controlled by spraying Gramoxon again as above on the 20th day after soiling the banana.
To remove yellow:
It is especially important to remove the yellow from the side of the main trunk. Which can be removed by cutting with a toothpick. The cut yellow grows again so it has to be cut again in 10-12 days. So that labor costs come higher. As per the research recommendation of Gujarat Krishi University, Navsari, to prevent re-emergence of cut yellow, make a solution of 30 gm 2, 4-D (Fernoxone-60% Sodium Salt) in 1 liter of water and put only 8 to 5 drops in the middle of cut yellow. . If the amount of this solution is too high, the trunk of the main plant will be affected which will cause the trunk to split and the plant to sag. To make this treatment easier, make a toothpaste, dip it in a solution of fernoxone and immediately apply it on the center of the cut yellow to get the right amount of solution.
Other fitness:
1) It is especially necessary to make windbreak fence around the banana field. For which fast growing shaver is suitable.
2) Remove the diseased leaves from the banana plant frequently and burn them.
3) After the banana loom is completely removed, remove the red dodo below and remove the black part on the top of the banana so that fungal diseases of the fruits can be prevented.
3) If the loom is exposed to the sun, bend two banana leaves and keep it covered.
5) To make a drainage ditch to prevent waterlogging in the banana orchard during monsoon.
Cover :
The process of mulching in the open ground around the main crop plants is called mulching. And the soil that is used to cover it is called mulch.
Cover Benefits:
Soil moisture can be stored for a long time.
The number of irrigations can be reduced.
The temperature can be regulated.
Weeds can be controlled.
Soil-borne diseases can be controlled. (Soil Solarization).
Improves the quality of farm produce.
Crop production can be increased.
The structure of the soil can be preserved.
The soluble salts of the lower layer of the soil can be prevented from coming up.
Straw, dry grass, dry leaves, cane stalks, wheat bran, organic manure and various agricultural by-products are used to maintain soil moisture. Currently plastic is also used.
The cover can also be used in drip irrigation system. An experiment conducted at the Navsari Center to test its possibilities yielded very good results. Thus cover is an important expertise to increase banana crop production and save invaluable water. It should be used extensively.
Read in Gujarati(ગુજરાતીમાં વાંચો)
Loom protection:
It is recommended that farmers growing banana-grand nain varieties be sprayed with a solution of gibberellic acid 100 mg per liter after opening the banana loom to get higher quality, higher yield and higher returns of bananas. .
Disease and pest management information
Disease and its cure:
Crop protection:
To take steps as per the recommendation made / coming from the Agricultural University for disease and pest control. The following are some of the important diseases and pests.
1) Ripe banana ripening:
This is a terrible disease of banana crop. In Gujarat, Surat, Bharuch and Kheda districts suffer a lot from this disease. This disease causes banana leaves to turn yellow. The leaves have red spots with yellow edges. Bananas ripen early in the season and the quality deteriorates. As well as declining production there is a lot of economic loss. The disease is the result of many causes. In order to control the disease, it is recommended to spray 10 gm of Captafol and 5 gm of Carbondazim in 10 liters of water every month.
B) Bunchi top:
In this viral disease the leaves become small and narrow and are found in large quantities. Lumo comes small. The only solution is to cut down and destroy the diseased plants and control the molluscs by spraying herbicides initially to prevent the spread of the disease. The disease is sporadic in Gujarat.
Pests and their treatment:
1) Machine:
These pests are especially carriers of viral diseases. For control, 15 ml of Roger or Metacystoxa in 10 liters of water. Make one or two sprays as needed.
Ii) Rhizome vivil:
The female lays her eggs next to the tumor in the female trunk. Caterpillars damage the tumor by penetrating inside. Giving 30 g of granular ferrate per plant gives good control.
2) Worm:
Staying at the roots of the plant causes a lot of damage to the crop. The roots turn black, crack and rot. Yellow seedlings of such affected plants do not grow. Applying 10 gm of carbofuran per plant at the time of planting and in the fourth month after planting gives effective control.
Many factors affect crop production. The prudent use of water is essential in agriculture. Moreover, where there is a shortage of water, its importance increases. In addition, due to misunderstandings and carelessness in some places due to canal convenience, many questions have arisen such as over-irrigating and alkalinity due to over-irrigation and over-watering. As a result, in some places the land became barren and in some places crop production began to decline. In this situation, if water-intensive crops like banana are taken, such questions become more serious. To prevent this from happening, cover is an expertise that helps us overcome these questions.
Read in Gujarati(ગુજરાતીમાં વાંચો)
Inter-crop information
According to the research done at Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, turmeric crop is found to be more suitable with banana crop. If turmeric crop is to be taken as intercrop, plant banana and turmeric in May. In addition, short-term vegetable crops can also be taken. In addition to giving fertilizers to the banana crop as per its requirement, it is especially necessary to give additional fertilizers to the intercrops as per the recommendation of the crop.
Production and storage system information
Approximately 80 to 100 tons / ha by adopting modern farming method. Product can be obtained.
For the last eight years, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari has organized demonstrations on research farms as well as Grand Nine banana varieties on farmers' farms by adopting banana crop, tissue seedlings, drip, fertilization and cover in a single package. According to the results, 20 to 30 per cent fertilizer savings, 30 to 40 per cent water savings, Rs. Banana production was 80 to 110 tons per hectare depending on the type of soil. Farmers of Bharuch, Surat and Navsari districts have been in touch with Navsari Krishi University, Navsari and have got very good results by applying mulching (of black plastic) with drip in their own banana crop.
Banana Exports:
For the purpose of exporting bananas at 75% maturity (35 days after emergence of dodo) loom 120 cm. Keep the temperature in the refrigerator. (Looming at 75% maturity showed a 13.50% reduction in loom weight compared to 100% maturity)
For the purpose of sending bananas to distant markets, at 80% maturity (30 days after the release of dodo) the loom is removed at 180 cm. Store at room temperature. (Looming at 80% maturity showed a 10.06% reduction in loom weight compared to 100% maturation)
For the purpose of sending bananas to the nearest market, they are unloaded at 100% maturity (100 days after dodo emergence) at 180 સે C. Store at room temperature. These recommended treatments can increase the storage capacity of fruits without reducing their quality.
Value Addition in Banana Crop:
Bananas:
- Raw bananas can be used to make wafers and flour. Banana flour biscuits, cakes, papads, baby food
As well as can be used in health drinks.
- Figs, ready to serve, jams, ketchups, cheeses, purees as well as bars can be made from ripe bananas.
Read in Gujarati(ગુજરાતીમાં વાંચો)
Trunk :
- After weaving the loom, the hand is woven from the fibers loosened from the trunk of the banana.
Decorative items, threads, textiles, handmade paper, ropes, medicinal micro crystalline Cellulose can be made.
- To make compost from worms as well as juice released during the process of fiber extraction
Can be used. The juice can also be used as a plant growth factor.
- Candy, pickles, jams, jellies, RTS, syrups and diabetes from the center of the banana trunk
Powder can be made by controlling.
Approximately 80 to 100 tons / ha by adopting modern farming method. Product can be obtained.
For the last eight years, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari has organized demonstrations on research farms as well as Grand Nain banana varieties on farmers' farms by adopting banana crop, tissue seedlings, drip, fertilization and cover in a single package. According to the results, 20 to 30 per cent fertilizer savings, 30 to 40 per cent water savings, Rs. Banana production was 80 to 110 tons per hectare depending on the type of soil. Farmers of Bharuch, Surat and Navsari districts have been in touch with Navsari Krishi University, Navsari and have got very good results by applying mulching (of black plastic) with drip in their own banana crop.
Banana Exports:
75 75% maturity (35 days after emergence of dodo) Loom 120 cm for the purpose of banana export. Keep the temperature in the refrigerator. (Looming at 75% maturity showed 13.50% reduction in loom weight compared to 100% maturity)
For the purpose of sending bananas to distant markets, 80% maturity (30 days after dodo release) loom 180 cm. Are removed on. Store at room temperature. (Looming at 80% maturity showed 10.06% reduction in loom weight compared to 100% maturity)
For the purpose of sending bananas to the nearest market, they are stored at room temperature of 180 degrees Celsius. 100% maturity (100 days after dodo emergence) is unloaded at the store. This recommended treatment can increase the storage capacity without compromising the quality of the fruit.
Value addition in banana crop:
Bananas:
- Raw bananas can be used to make wafers and flour. Banana flour biscuits, cakes, papads, baby food
As well as can be used in health drinks.
- Can be made from figs, ready to serve, jam, ketchups, cheese, puree as well as bar ready ripe bananas.
Trunk:
- After weaving the loom, the hand is woven from the banana trunk with ooi fibers.
Decorative items, threads, textiles, handmade paper, rope, medicinal medicinal micro crystals
Cellulose can be made.
- Juice is released during the process of making compost from worms as well as fiber compaction
Can be used. This juice can also be used as a growth factor for plants.
- Candy, pickles, jams, jellies, RTS, syrups and diabetes in the middle of the banana trunk
Can be made by controlling the powder.
Banana crop thrives in hot and humid climates. An average of 240 s for excellent crop growth. The temperature comes down. Annual 2000 to 20000 mm. This crop thrives if there is irrigation facility in the rainfed area.
For bananas, well-drained, fertile, lilies and medium hard soils are especially suitable. Banana crop does not grow well in black soil and sandy soils.