Rose Cultivation in the Greenhouse
The rose is called the king of flowers. Roses are nature's most beautiful creation. The rose is the most famous and famous cutflower in the world. Roses are at the forefront of the world's flower industry. Which has sales of about 1.5 billion. The market for roses in Holland alone is estimated at US 500 million, growing at an annual rate of 7-8 per cent.
Rose cultivation is very profitable. The weather in many parts of India is like a rose. And roses can be grown all year round. Good quality flowers can be obtained during winter and its demand is also good in the market.
In cold tropical countries, winter temperatures can drop below zero, artificially lowering the temperature to 26-22 C. The greenhouse needs to be heated to maintain temperature and light. Which is more expensive. Colombia, Kenya and other African countries account for 40% of total rose production. While India's contribution is not significant, the importance of the flower industry in our country has increased over the last decade, so there are many opportunities for India to export roses and earn foreign currency. High standards of prevailing varieties and quality such as bud size, stem length, green glossy leaves, disease and pest free flowers have to be taken into consideration. Varieties that are prevalent there often cannot be grown properly in open space and if grown can not withstand pests and climate change. In these circumstances flowers for export should be grown in a poly house or greenhouse under a controlled environment.
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Things to consider for species selection:
1: High yielding varieties should be grown.
2: More durable varieties of flowers.
3: Flowers can store more water.
3: Varieties without thorns which can be easily groomed.
A: The red color is very popular among the good colored varieties. But there are also varieties like pink, orange, dichotomy whose color does not fade.
2: Moderately fragrant.
6: Diseases Pests and other physical fitness or varieties that do not deteriorate in pruning or transport. Types of roses grown in
Greenhouses and their different varieties:
There are five different types of roses.
1. Rose with long stems: Hybrid-T with large flowers
2. Medium-stemmed roses: floribunda, medium-sized flowers . Short-stemmed flowers: small flowers, sweet heart roses . Spray Rose: Spray Floribanda W. Miniature Roses: Sweet heart roses with small plant size and small flowers
1. Long-stemmed Roses (Hybrid-T): Usually the stems of these flowers are 50-100 cm. Are long. Their production is 100 to 150 flowers / sq.m. / year. Flowers are harvested 30-40 days after planting. These flowers need a lot of care. The vaslife of these flowers is shorter than that of floribunda flowers.
2. Medium stem rose (Floribunda): Usually in Holland the stem length of this flower is 50-60 cm. Are held. The production of these flowers is 200 flowers / sq.m. / year. The flowers are large here. These flowers are widely grown in Kenya. . Short-stemmed flowers (Sweet Heart): The length of stems of these flowers in the market is 20-30 cm. Found up to. The production of these flowers is 200-350 flowers / sq.m. / year. This type of flower takes a lot of time to prune. . Rose spray type: This type of rose has flowers in clusters on one stem. Usually the production of these flowers is low. And the stems weigh more. So the cost of sending to other countries by air is expensive. W. Miniature Roses: The stem length of this type of flower is 20-50 cm. Of. These roses are much smaller in size than other roses. That means there are very small flowers. This type of rose is usually famous for planting in pots. The production of this type of flower is 500 flowers / sq.m. / year. But pruning these flowers takes a lot of time. Varieties of long-stemmed (hybrid tea) roses grown in Indian greenhouses: Flower color varieties Red Top Secret, Samurai, Passion, Lovely Red, First Red, Grand Gala White avalanche, tinke, masai Pink Poison, Pretty Gallows, Noble, Shakira, Vivaldi Orange Orange, Candid Profita Yellow Gold Strike, Papillon, Yellow Unique, Alasmeer Gold, Confetti, Yellow Success
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Climate:The greenhouse should have good lighting throughout the year. Temperature 18 to 23 C. Should be as much. If the temperature is more than 24 ° C, the relative humidity should be increased. So as to prevent water from escaping from the surface of the plant. The temperature in the greenhouse during the night is 154 to 18 ° C. And during the day the temperature is 40 ° C. Should not be more than During the winter period, extra light is very beneficial for the production of cut flowers. Maintaining the ratio of light to temperature is very important. In the greenhouse, the growth of rose plants, cut flower production and flower quality can be enhanced by additional carbon dioxide (up to 1000 ppm). Excessive temperature and humidity are likely to cause dry spots. Sedimentation is more likely to occur if the temperature is cold and excessively humid. Less than twelve hours a day and cloudy weather is detrimental to plant growth.
Land and preparation:
To grow roses in the greenhouse, cushions should be made and sown. Roses need a very well drained medium. 50 cm Deep, well drained, loamy soil is suitable. Medium / land alma mater is like land with P.P. If the water table is high, make a cushion kayara (Rs. 30 cm) and sow. The length of the bed depends on the size of the greenhouse. Usually 20 cm. Beds wide and 30-40 meters long can be made. 15 to 18 cm between two rows of plants. Keeping distance. The density of roses in a greenhouse is generally kept at 20,000 to 50,000 plants per hectare.
Planting method:
Healthy and disease free seedlings are usually used. Plant small plants in April-May and large plants in August-September, so that the first cuttings are available during Christmas and the second cuttings during Valentine's Day. Small plants of 5-12 months are considered suitable for planting. Dig a hole so that the root of the plant fits in the soil and after planting the plants, press the soil around and irrigate. When planting, plant with the eye grafted part of the plant above the ground.
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Special grooming:
Keep the greenhouse warm and moist after planting so that it can grow quickly. Sprinkle water on small plants during heavy sunlight to reduce plant mortality. Eye grafted plants will have flower buds (like peas) after four weeks which should be broken off so that the plant can grow well.
Building Structured Structures:
A strong plant structure is essential for the production of good quality flowers. Resting plants: In June-August when the last flower is harvested then fertilizer and watering should be stopped. Rest for 3 to 4 weeks depending on the type of soil. Most of the leaves will fall off. And plant 20-30 cm. Spray as it stays on the ground. Then irrigate and fertilize the shade to protect the new shoots from extreme heat.
Daily work in the greenhouse:
A) To support the plant: To plant support at a distance of 5 m on both sides of the bed on which 30-40 cm. Support the plant with galvanized wire or plastic cord at a distance of no.
B) Disbudding: Breaking off the extra buds at the bottom of the main bud to increase the size and quality of the main flower.
C) Cutting yellow which hinders the growth of plants.
D) To level the cayara i.e. to level the padded cayara with the extra land if the road has come on the road.
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Banding method: .
The bending process is very important when growing roses in a greenhouse. The leaves on the rose plant produce carbohydrates and these leaves are called the lungs of the plant. Here you have to bend the eyeless stems from 5 cm from bottom to top. And take special care that the stems of the plants do not break at that time. Therefore, first turn the stems of the plants at the corners of 250 and then at 300. Doing so stops the growth of the eyeless stem and the food contained in it gets to the second bud stem.
Flower pruning:
The stage of pruning of roses is determined by the variety. The demand of the harvesting market and its distance from the farm or the export market is decided. After harvesting, when the rose reaches the customer, it should bloom exactly. If the flower bud is cut in the wrong position, it does not open properly in the vase. One to two lined leaves should remain on the plants at harvest time. Flowers should be unloaded early in the morning. Pruning should be done when the petals are fully colored and one or two outer petals begin to open (tight bud stage). The number of looms varies according to temperature and quality.
Crop protection:
Pests: Insects such as aphids, jaysids, thrips and scales are more prevalent. Damage from this type of pest is found on leaf blight, stinging leaves or yellowing leaf plants. Such pesticide absorbing drugs like Fipronil 5% can be controlled with 10 ml / 10 liters, imidacloprid 2.3 ml / 10 liters of water To control mites, use Abamectin 1.5% EC drug 5 ml / 10 liters or Dicofol 16.5% EC Rup ml / 10 liters. Imamectin benzoate 5% soluble granule 3 gm or diflubenzuron rup% Vpa for control of bud eating caterpillars. Spray 15 gm / 10 liters.
Disease: Powdery mildew: - Wetable sulfur 20 gm / 10 liters Dieback: - Apply Bordeaux paste on the cut part of the damaged branches. Black spot disease: - Mix prapiconazole in 10 ml / 10 liters of water and spray.
Post-flower maintenance:
Flowers should be placed in a bucket filled with water immediately after unloading. Then store it in cold storage for three hours. To 10 ° C. Should be kept at room temperature. Classified judy roses in cold storage in chlorinated water. Should be kept at room temperature. Classify according to stem length and quality. Stem disease should be pest free, soil or drug residue free, free from mold, healthy. The size of the bud and the thickness of the stem should be the same. So as to get good prices due to quality, and good looks. Grading: The flowers are graded in a cold storage room before packing. Rose flowers are graded based on stem length and flower color.
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Packing: Roses are packed in corrugated fiber board (CFB) boxes. Whose cover should be telescopic. The flowers should be arranged in a round bunch and the stem part should be wrapped with damp paper and the upper bud part should be covered with tissue paper. Of the CFB box Length 120 cm, width 35 cm. And height rup cm. Should be. In this box a sheet of polyethylene should be laid on the bottom and tissue paper on the side. Placing tissue paper does not cause the flowers to feel friction. Tissue paper should be placed between the two layers formed in a bunch. So that the flowers do not touch each other. Separate the flowers according to the length of the stem and make a bundle (20 flowers) to wrap it in corrugated paper. Four judy flowers (20 stalks) are arranged in a box. Flowers 24 cm. The heat is sent to the refrigerated van. Steps to keep flowers fresh for a long time: To keep rose flowers fresh for a long time, you can keep the flowers fresh for a long time by using a solution of sucrose (1-2%), HQC (100-200 ppm), citric acid solution systematically.
Product: Generally, roses have 30 to 30 flowers per plant per year or 150 to 200 flowers per sq. The product is equal to the area of the meter. Production depends on quality and fitness.